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The Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center is dedicated to fostering greater understanding, appreciation, and protection of bird migration. This Smithsonian Institution research program was founded with Congressional support in 1991, and was incorporated in 1997 as part of the National Zoological Park, located in Washington, D.C.; it came under the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, established in 2010. From an initial focus on the conservation biology of Neotropical songbirds, it now researches the role of disease in population declines in migratory birds, environmental challenges facing urban and suburban birds and their adaptation to changes in natural and anthropogenic habitats and climate, and the conservation biology of wetland birds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Study: Mangrove Animals Risk Extinction )〕 Their research group has long term research programs dealing with migratory birds in both their breeding and non-breeding areas, with studies of how specific breeding and non-breeding populations are connected by migration.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population Connectivity )〕 In 1998 it developed the Bird Friendly coffee program〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bird Friendly coffee )〕 that fosters management practices at coffee farms that are good for birds while remaining marketable. Coffee grown under the program is certified〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bird Friendly certification )〕 as shade grown and organic, with purchases supporting the conservation of migratory birds. The criteria for Bird Friendly certification was developed from basic research on migratory bird-habitat relationships by Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center scientists. They sponsor advanced undergraduate and graduate students at collaborating institutions, as well as in-house post-doctoral fellowships. The center's education efforts include the creation of International Migratory Bird Day,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.birdday.org/birdday/history )〕 a holiday which is celebrated on the second Saturday of May in the United States and Canada, and on the second Saturday of October in most of Latin America. Neighborhood Nestwatch,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neighborhood Nestwatch )〕 its community-based science and educational outreach program, involves volunteers in monitoring the reproductive success and survival of birds in their communities. Its ''Bridging the Americas/Unidos por las Aves'' program〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Migratory Birds Project )〕 is an education program that partners elementary school classes in the Washington, D.C. area with classes in Latin America and the Caribbean. The goals of the program are # to teach students about the migratory birds that connect these two regions of the hemisphere and the need to protect their habitats, and # to stimulate an interest in learning about other countries and their cultures. Since 1993, over 17,000 students in grades 3 through 8 from 11 countries of the Americas have participated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/scbi/migratorybirds/education/teacher_resources/bridging_the_americas/ )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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